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Before the great murals came a fundamental question: what image could represent a modern Mexico? The exhibition Diego Rivera and the Making of Modern Art in 20th-Century Mexico, at the Musei Capitolini - Villa Caffarelli, begins with this idea, telling the story not only of an extraordinary artist but of the birth of a new national imagination. Featuring more than 140 works, including thirty by Diego Rivera, the exhibition places at its center the painter who transformed art into a public voice, one that spoke to workers, farmers, Indigenous communities, and ordinary citizens. Alongside Rivera are key figures such as Frida Kahlo, José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, María Izquierdo, Tamayo, and Tina Modotti, creating a rich narrative that weaves together tradition, avant-garde experimentation, and revolution. The exhibition unfolds in four chapters: Rivera's academic training, his European years and dialogue with Cubism, the Mexican Cultural Renaissance after the Revolution, and the artistic developments that moved beyond Social Realism. Together, they reveal an art that is powerful, accessible, and cosmopolitan, blending pre-Columbian heritage, popular traditions, and modern visual language. More than a retrospective, the exhibition is a journey into an idea that remains strikingly relevant today: art not as a privilege for the few, but as a shared language through which a people can tell the story of their past, their identity, and their future.